technology in education :: essays research papers fc

Technology in EducationWith technology benefiting various fields, life has suddenly be happen a prideful journey for everyone. In the simple forms, like electronic stoves, telephones displaying callers ID and automobiles the ride of life has become a pleasure. In the same way, the lives of students have too taken a leap towards easiness.When we talk some technology in education the first and foremost advancement is the computer and internet. If a student has the encyclopaedia of Britannica or Microsofts Encarta Encyclopedia on his/her computer, he rarely finds himself in a library or even on the internet. But for those who dont have these encyclopedias have the entire world of internet information at their finger-tips.Internet in its simplest form enables one to access emails this too is a bloodline of information especially for those who are in contact with their teachers and need constant aid.Those who have joined Distant Learning Education programs need internet and the snai l-mail system. If the stamp was unreliable or the money transfer system was unpredictable then distant learning programs wouldnt be so famous and sought-after.A traffic pattern school going 8th grader has luxuries enough. Assignments are doable no matter how tough they are. If there is a presentation to go a bulky with, then projectors come very handy. Children also bring along their self made slide shows if the facilities are favorable.The field of education is vast. Be it the education in cosmetics, graphic designing, journalism or multimedia, technology is playing a huge part. Take photography for instance new models of cameras keep emerging, the film has a variety of types and now with the egress of digital photography, many people have suddenly realized that they want to make it their profession. For this, institutes are bringing in latest course outlines, equipment for study, instructors are macrocosm brought-in and dark rooms are being built.Education was tough without tec hnology. Parents were constantly worrying about their children who were sent abroad to study. Now with technology in picture, long distance calls have become much easier and considerably cheap. Nearly all students in an institute carry cell-phones making the above mentioned problem of worrisome parents come out small. Even though this involvement of mobile phone in the field of education is not that much, yet its so useful that just about everyone has this equipment.Taking lectures was tiresome task, but with the introduction gadgets like PDA, laptop and voice recorders, this dull work is now more enjoyable.

Joy Luck Club :: essays research papers

Amy Tans The Joy fate Club brings forth many characteristics of new world and over-the-hill world traditions into the reviewers sight. Old world traditions are the customs and beliefs practiced in ones native country. The novel introduces the reader to the hardships that one encounters when the environment and the neighbors change. The American customs, or new world traditions, seem to prevail in the thoughts of the Chinese-American daughters thus, encouraging the mothers to stress the old world traditions onto their children. The mothers also try to bring the best of some(prenominal) worlds to their children to make their childrens lives better. As the children mature, they realize the true worth of their Chinese heritage and try to retain to the Chinese characteristics that they have. In The Joy Luck Club, old world and new world traits are gained and lost by the characters in the novel to benefit themselves and make their strength of mind stronger. The children in The Joy Luck Club gain many characteristics of the old world and the new world that compose new people. The novel introduces us to characters that have lost their inner reason spirits that contain their Chinese heritage. The mothers dwell that their Chinese traditions and language are a necessary factor in dealing with their everyday life. The mothers also know that the new American traditions are needed to succeed in their new home. The mothers encourage English speaking, but also want to preserve their Chinese language. The study new thought that is gained by the children, and the mothers is the American Dream. They believe that anything is possible in America, and their dreams can be fulfilled trough their children. My mother believed you could be anything you wanted in AmericaYou could be instantly famous.(Tan 141). The children gain pride for their native country also raising their self-esteem and bringing about new strength in them. People cannot be accepted in society without acceptin g themselves. One has to accept their heritage and have pride for their heritage for other people to honor them. The mothers in the novel try to teach this lesson to their children. The minute our train leaves the Hong Kong border and enters Shenzhen, China, I feel different. I can feel the skin on my frontal bone tingling, my blood rushing through a new course, my bones aching with familiar old pain. And I think, My mother was right.

Career, Career Interests, and the Value of a College Education :: essays research papers

I am currently employed as a software consolidation technologist with Motorola. The division I puddle in develops software used to identify persons, usually for law enforcement purposes, through fingerprint, palm print, facial, and demographic matching technologies. My rail line is to integrate these technologies into a ace, fast, and easy to use system. Specifically, I code the workflow engine that allows the separate technologies to function as a single system.Instead of locomote from company to company, changing jobs every few years like some(prenominal) of my past and present co-workers stimulate done I have been working at the same company for the last 18 years. I started at the bottom, in a data entry position while go to college classes in the evening. I worked my up the corporate ladder, meeting the challenges offered to me by my superiors, discovering my talents, developing my skills and performing to the best of my abilities. The reward was career advancement and in creased compensation.Experience has taught me that in that location are many behaviors that will help you to succeed in a career. These behaviors include self-confidence, harvestingivity, respect, the ability to work with others, a focus on quality, and a fealty to morality.Self-confidence in your own abilities will allow you to face challenges with a positive attitude and enthusiasm. You will be able to demonstrate a look and decisiveness that radiates sea captain integrity and communicate with impact. You must be willing to say what you think is in the best interest of the organization even if its not popular. (Troiano, 1998) plan and organize with the goal of being productive. Motivate yourself to achieve necessary tasks and take on more challenges. (Will your future, 2000) Be responsible for your own education. carry quickly and work efficiently.Build and sustain relationships with your coworkers and customers. Show respect and be courteous. Demonstrate an ability to wor k with others. Look to your peers for assistance and do not be reluctant to fall in assistance on work related problems.Focus on quality, client service, and customer perceptions. The customer will be delighted with a quality product or service delivered punctually and professionally. Your superiors will note this satisfaction and use it when making future decisions that involve you.According to the Columbia Encyclopedia, ethics is the body of obligations and duties that a particular society requires of its members. Society, in this case, refers to the corporate body. An employee has a responsibility to their employer to abide by the companys code of ethics at all times.Career, Career Interests, and the Value of a College Education essays research papersI am currently employed as a software integration technologist with Motorola. The division I work in develops software used to identify persons, usually for law enforcement purposes, through fingerprint, palm print, facial, and d emographic matching technologies. My job is to integrate these technologies into a single, fast, and easy to use system. Specifically, I code the workflow engine that allows the separate technologies to function as a single system.Instead of moving from company to company, changing jobs every few years like many of my past and present co-workers have done I have been working at the same company for the last 18 years. I started at the bottom, in a data entry position while attending college classes in the evening. I worked my up the corporate ladder, meeting the challenges offered to me by my superiors, discovering my talents, developing my skills and performing to the best of my abilities. The reward was career advancement and increased compensation.Experience has taught me that there are many behaviors that will help you to succeed in a career. These behaviors include self-confidence, productivity, respect, the ability to work with others, a focus on quality, and a commitment to et hics.Self-confidence in your own abilities will allow you to face challenges with a positive attitude and enthusiasm. You will be able to demonstrate a boldness and decisiveness that radiates professional integrity and communicate with impact. You must be willing to say what you think is in the best interest of the organization even if its not popular. (Troiano, 1998)Plan and organize with the goal of being productive. Motivate yourself to achieve necessary tasks and take on more challenges. (Will your future, 2000) Be responsible for your own education. Learn quickly and work efficiently.Build and sustain relationships with your coworkers and customers. Show respect and be courteous. Demonstrate an ability to work with others. Look to your peers for assistance and do not be reluctant to give assistance on work related problems.Focus on quality, client service, and customer perceptions. The customer will be delighted with a quality product or service delivered punctually and profes sionally. Your superiors will note this satisfaction and use it when making future decisions that involve you.According to the Columbia Encyclopedia, ethics is the body of obligations and duties that a particular society requires of its members. Society, in this case, refers to the corporate body. An employee has a responsibility to their employer to abide by the companys code of ethics at all times.

Symbolic Interactionism Essay -- Sociological Perspective Sociology Es

Symbolic InteractionismOn the surface, sociology is the study of society and human behavior save looking deeper, it is the study of humans in groups and how they interact with matchless another. Sociologists look at these groups by means of the sociological perspective. This involves looking at a original behavior like it has never been looked at it before. When d one and only(a) right one can come to a deeper level of understanding about behavior. Using your sociological imagination you are able conceptualize how a persons macro level, which consists of the larger aspects of life such as family and government, and their micro level, (which is the individual itself) aggregate in order form the person they are. Using my sociological imagination I decided to observe the library through the use of symbolic interactionism, one of four sociological perspectives. The others included are the conflict theory, ethno methodology, feminism and structural functionalist. Symbolic interaction ism tends to observe things by paying full attention to the micro level of sociology. Instead of focusing on broader aspects you look at things depending upon the individual and their interactions in society. Through the use of symbols we are able to assign meaning to people and things and accordingly develop our own interpretations of those symbols.The library, like many symbols signifies silence, thought and work. You would not walk into a library expecting to be served drinks, and to see people dancing on bookshelves. The library evokes an image of peacefulness, in which people are diligently working yet a closer examination reveals the not so serene value of a library visit.The Saint Michaels Library is not a mystery it is like every other library in which I have heretofore been. There are lots of books, computers and places for people to do work. There are round tables, square tables, rectangular tables, titled tables and flat tables. There are cubicles and subtle individual rooms known as masturbation closets. The layout of the library is pretty standard and doesnt need much explaining. There are three floors. The cellar had one small room of books and the rest is study areas. The first floor is a mix of computer labs, books, magazines and more study areas. The third floor is largely books and of course more places to study.Leah and I walked through the... ...ry, it is easy to notice how people need different things, and require alternate ways of studying. You notice peoples emotions and how they react to their surroundings. Some people need silence, some need music, some need space, some need distraction and some people just do it to look good.When a sociologist studies behavior their concentration is based uponthe interaction the individual itself and how they interact within their surroundings. Through symbolic interactionalism you look at things and what they mean, and then steady down the effects they have. There are many hand signs, both go od and bad, that people exchange, as well as facial expressions in reaction to an publication or statement that a symbolic interactionalist would look at. My observation period in the library allowed me to glimpse into the life of a sociologist. I realized that you could teach a lot about someone by just watching him or her. Their behavior is highly representative of the person they are yet one cannot assume what specific reactions imply. Through the use of your sociological imagination you are able to gain a deeper understanding of behavior and how behavior is influenced by society.

Ancient Greeces Obsession with Beauty Essay -- Ancient Greece Essays

Ancient Greece was one of the most important civilizations in the history of mankind. Ancient Greece spanned thousands of years, beginning in 1100 BC and outcome with the end of the Hellenistic period in 146 BC. Ancient Greece made many contributions to the modern world, such as language, politics, philosophy, science, art, architecture, beauty, and much more. dishful now a age is in most cases considered as how pretty something looks on the outside. Most people these days look at outer beauty rather than inner beauty. Beauty in ancient Greece is different than beauty now in many different ways. In ancient Greece, beauty can be defined in many things. Beauty in family, art, architecture, sculpture, and literature shows all the many definitions of beauty in ancient Greece. Family was important in ancient Greece. The ancient Greeks had a order of magnitude of Patriarchy and Misogyny (Katz 71). Patriarchy is a society where the father had supreme authority over the family . Misogyny meant that the women were worthless. Women would usually get married at a very young age of around twelve to sixteen years old. Most women did not have a choice of whom to marry and instead their father, uncle, or br early(a) chose for her. The richer the woman was the earlier she got married, but the poor woman got married at a bit higher age. They did not have the authority to do many things that men did. They were not able to go to the Olympics, the streets of the city, or even sometimes the marketplace. If they ever went anywhere they usually went to weddings and funerals and religious ceremonies, or to visit other women. Since they stayed in their houses for long periods of time they were usually in charge of the house when it comes to cleaning or or... ...aic Period, Archaic patriarchy and high sexual culture in Classical Athens.Kats, Marilyn. Ideology and The Status of Women in Ancient Greece. History and Theory, Beiheft 31 History and Feminist Theory. Vol. 31. B lackwell Publishing for Wesleyan University. 1992. 70-97. This chapter of the book focuses on the status of women in ancient Greece in comparison to the eighteenth through twentieth century.Levin, Saul. Love and the Hero of the Iliad. Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association. Vol. 80. The Johns Hopkins University Press. 1949. 37-49.In this chapter it talks approximately the Iliad and what the Greeks point of view is over the Iliad.Plato. The Allegory of the Cave. This piece of literature is written by Plato and in it Plato explains through the use of many metaphors what it is to become the philosopher king.

Ancient Greeces Obsession with Beauty Essay -- Ancient Greece Essays

Ancient Greece was one of the most important civilizations in the history of mankind. Ancient Greece spanned thousands of years, beginning in 1100 BC and ending with the end of the Hellenistic period in 146 BC. Ancient Greece made many contributions to the modern world, such as language, politics, philosophy, science, art, architecture, beauty, and much more. Beauty now a days is in most cases considered as how pretty something looks on the outside. Most people these days look at outer beauty rather than privileged beauty. Beauty in ancient Greece is different than beauty now in many different ways. In ancient Greece, beauty can be delimit in many things. Beauty in family, art, architecture, sculpture, and literature shows all the many definitions of beauty in ancient Greece. Family was important in ancient Greece. The ancient Greeks had a society of Patriarchy and Misogyny (Katz 71). Patriarchy is a society where the father had supreme ascendance over the family. Misog yny meant that the women were worthless. Women would usually get married at a very young age of around twelve to sixteen years old. Most women did not have a choice of whom to marry and sort of their father, uncle, or brother chose for her. The richer the woman was the earlier she got married, but the poor woman got married at a bit higher age. They did not have the authority to do many things that men did. They were not able to go to the Olympics, the streets of the city, or even sometimes the marketplace. If they ever went anywhere they usually went to weddings and funerals and religious ceremonies, or to chide other women. Since they stayed in their houses for long periods of time they were usually in charge of the house when it comes to cleaning or or... ...aic Period, Archaic patriarchy and high sexual husbandry in Classical Athens.Kats, Marilyn. Ideology and The Status of Women in Ancient Greece. History and Theory, Beiheft 31 History and Feminist Theory. Vol. 31. Blackwe ll Publishing for Wesleyan University. 1992. 70-97. This chapter of the book focuses on the locating of women in ancient Greece in comparison to the eighteenth through twentieth century.Levin, Saul. Love and the Hero of the Iliad. Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association. Vol. 80. The Johns Hopkins University Press. 1949. 37-49.In this chapter it dialog about the Iliad and what the Greeks point of view is over the Iliad.Plato. The Allegory of the Cave. This piece of literature is written by Plato and in it Plato explains through the use of many metaphors what it is to become the philosopher king.

How to manage the SMART targets in your career plan. Essay

To complete Business course with DDD by the block of the year. I get out do this by attending classes, doing tutorials, turning up to one to ones and studying the course work book at home. I bequeath also aim to hand everything in on time and meet all my deadlines in order to stay on top of the work. In order to get a DDD by the end of the year I moldiness get Merits in all my subjects, if I get a one pass for a unit then I must get a distinction in another unit in order to level it out.Select an appropriate course at a reputable University. I will do this by going to open days and logging on to the universities individual websites where there are usually options to do a virtual tour. In order to go to a university that will offer me good teaching in the area of graphic design I will have to look at a graphic design university leader board in order to see who offers the best learning. I must also speak to graphic design students at different universities to see their opinion on wh at the teaching is like and how good the facilities are.Apply for university before December. I will apply to university before December by making sure I have written up my prime(prenominal) draft of my personal line early to give my tutor enough time to give back amendments and for me to improve it. I will also look on the internet to get down good examples of personal statements and guides on how to write them.Find cheap student accommodation. I will find cheap student accommodation by first selecting the university that I wish to study at and then asking at their dish up desk for some leaflets about the surrounding places I can live at as a student. I could also check the universitys website for links to student accommodation or details on the site about backup in the halls of university. I will try to get the cheapest deal I can whilst not compromising on quality by looking by a lot of student apartments.Complete university course with 21 by 2014. I will attempt to complet e my university course with 21 by purchasing the correct equipment before going to university. This will be a laptop that can stand high end applications and will help me be more efficient in completing assignments because my computer can cope with the programs needed for graphic design. I will also purchase books that will prepare me well for the course these will be details about HTML coding and guides on how to use Adobe products that will be utilize in university. I will study hard by attending as many lectures as possible and taking notes on the subject, I will then take this theory into practice into the workshops provided by the university. I will accompaniment on top of the assignments from day one in order to keep on top of my work and in control.

Essay Notes for Horace’s Odes

Vile potabis modicis Sabinum / outhousetharis, Graeca quod ipse testa / conditum levi? You testament drink an inferior Sabine wine-colored from small cups, which I put into a classical jar having sealed it? (Odes 1. 20. 1-3). How apt is it to describe the Odes as Sabine wine in classic jars? Unity and design in Horace Although examples og greek dustup molar concentration can be found in horaces odes, the close striking parallelism perhaps is the way twain collections open. ?P12 Horace the champion of aurea mediocritas? Horace sh bes the Hellenistic poets familiarity with many methods of transcription and metre nevertheless he doesnt really on any of them exclusively. Modern poetic sequence by ML Rosenthal and Sally Gall? Keats Odes by Helen Vendler? Horace a successful satirist and the adapter into Latin of the iambic spirit of Archilochus and Hipponax. His Odes purported to revive the Hellenic voice communications poets. P14 For all intents and purposes, however, lyric h ad been dormant for hundreds of days when Horace decided to transfer it to an intractable langu period and an alien husbandry. ?His odes be take on a diversity of metres adressees and composings an elaborate attempt to place the does both within Horaces body of work up and within a larger poetic tradition.P19 Displays nine dissimilar meters and this diversity is reinforced by variation of theme and addresse. The metres establish Horaces affliation with Grecian lyric and serve to come d witness Horace apart from that tradition. They were use by and even named after Horaces Greek predecessors. P21 A lyric metrical composition was a poem collected in one of the metres traditionally associated with the lyre (23) Horace himself in the last ode of this collection and in a later epistle, retrospectively defined his own poetic achievement in largely metrical terminals.It is essentially an attempt to recreate the wonderful immediacy of Greek lyric but the actual conditions of pe rformance had so changed by Horaces snip that the address ofttimes functions as a metaphor for the reader. ?DElveloped with constant reference to Greek models. Having set the Odes apart from his pwn earlier satires and from his Greek predecessors in lyric, HOrav explores their billet with reference to one other important genre, epic. P27 Horace used the conceir in his very last ode 4. 15 which dis statute titles any ability to write heroic epic. =When I wished to chatter of wars and conquered cities, Phoebus stuck his lyre to warn me non to spread my sails on the Tyrrhenean Sea. (1-4) P34 As a literary apology, this and other recusationes ultimately go back to Callimachus expression of literary preferences in the prologue to his Aetia. In that work C blood lineed the thundering Zeus whom he could not imitate with the restrained and restraining Apolla, the fat sheep with the thin (leptalehn) Muse Apollo. ? Traditions and Con school texts in the Poetry of Horace, edd. Tony Woodma n and Denis Feeney (reviewed by Charles Witke, University of Michigan). Cambridge University Press 2002.Tony Woodman likewise confront the lyric Horace with predecessors in this case Catullus and Greek lyric. Horacee references to Aeolian or Lesbian poem are to be contrued to include Sappho as well as Alcaeus. ?RGM Nisbet addresses detailed and learned criticism to Odes 3,21, the wine jar.? Alessandro Brachiesi (47) Viewed thus, the poem is a meditation on the unique status of capital of Italy vis-a-vis Greek floriculture, as well as a self reflexive utterance astir(predicate) the position of poetry in Roman society. What does this reference book mean Cl proto(prenominal) metaphorical. The components re place Sabine wine symbolizes Horaces poetry and it does this in two ways.First, wine is a good symbol for Horaces Odes because wine is a common topic of the poems and an integral part of the Epicurean school of thought he espouses (refs). Sabine wine in particular is a country amusement which at its mention settles comment on the relaxed country life which his philosophy endorese. Second, in this instance, juxtaposed with the Greek jars, the adjective Sabine is clearly has an identity to both Italy as a whole and more than specifically to Horaces own recruit, gifted to him by Maecenas, the explicit addressee of Odes 1. 1 (refs). Sabine wine is thus fact mood both of Latin poetry and specifically Horaces lyric poetry.In this way similarly, the script Sabinum is also a form of acclaim to his patron Maecenas (the briny theme of 1. 20) as they volition be drinking the Sabine wine transferred to jars on the estate which Maecenas gave to Horace. The use of the adjective vile to describe the Sabine wine on line 1, further signifies their friendship as it demonstrates Horaces confidence that Maecenas can rise above pomp and luxury (note modicis they get out drink from plain cups and not engraved silver) and enjoy a simple friendship a second philosop hy Horace advocates with the mention of Sabine wine. ?As David West mentions in his Text,Translation and Commentary of Horace Odes 1, it is seeming that Horace uses the Greek jars to improve the flavor of his ordinary local wine (p96). In light of this the Greek jars element of the metaphor represents Greek poetry forms the containers of Horaces poetry are the lyric forms developed by Greek writers such as Sappho and Alcaeus, which he adapts, improves and pays homage to in his work.? In sum, describing Horaces poetry as Sabine wine in Greek jars suggests that Horace is writing a distinctive form of Latin, Horatian poetry within traditional Greek structures.This is a reading which I mean has considerable validity indeed, the manner in which Horace comments upon and plays with the link between his own poetry and his Greek predecessors is not only striking itself, but can also be seen as part of a wider literary project in the outset Century BCE, as Latin authors attempt to challe nge and lay claim to the forms of their Greek influences. ?Why did they say it How accurate is it? ?Horaces philosophy on life and wine? Odes ?Wider project bringing Greek verse into Latin writings and to show up off his educated knowledge of Greek place names/literature?Odes ? Widely acknowledged that his Greek models were x y z ? Odes ? Horace rejects the thought, express succinctly by Anchises in Virgils Aeneid, that the Greeks do literature and the Romans are famous in war. (6. 847-53) In his prospicient prophecy Aeneas in the underworld. excudent alii spirantia mollius aera? (credo equidem), vivos ducent de marmore vultus,? orabunt causas melius, caelique meatus? discribent radio et surgentia sidera dicent? tu regere imperio populos, Romane, token? (hae tibi erunt artes), pacique imponere morem,? parcere subiectis et debellare superbos. Others (i. . Greeks) will beat out bronze so that it breathes in softer lines, so I indeed believe, and will bring out living faces from ma rble they will plead their cases better, and will describe the wanderings of the heavens with the geometers rod and will speak of the surging stars you, Roman, be mindful of ruling peoples with empire (these will be your arts) add civilisation to peace spare the defeated, and war down the proud. ?Within project of 1st century literature Virgil rewriting Homer in Latin, Lucretius writing Epicurus, Book 5 bemoans the latin language being inadequate. osmos and atomism termed in Greek. See those texts in the wider project of Augustus big period of strife, aurea saecula The golden age. Quinn, text and intro In the Odes it is the Greek lyric poets of the seventh century BC, especially Alcaeus, who provide the Greek model, but that model is made the vehicle of Roman themes, the attitudes uttered are those of a very distinctive personality moulded by a culture as remote from the culture of Sappho and Alcaeus as that which produced Virgil is remote from that of Homer.The Odes are set in t he everyday life of a society which had recreated in Italy and in Latin, the ideals and cultural values of the Greek-speaking Hellenistic world. In place of simple, lyric directness of the Sappho and Alcaeus The Odes are a demonstration that poetry, which is neither didactic not ostensibly serious in tone can be the expression of a philosophy of life. The scope most often is that of everyday social life in that section of urban society which had the leisure to devote itself to a life of wine, women and song. To make these themes the rear for a Roman recreation of the traditional forms of lyric..The simple, intense emotions of early Greek lyric match the simple syntactical perfection with which they are expressed and the culture of which they are a product. 1. 6? Patriotic epic praising the greatest solider of the age which includes a compliment to Augustus at the centre point of the poem. In this poem, Horace pleads his fatuity to meet the first moments of the expectations of hi s patron and suggests the name of another poet who could do it better. This polite recusatio is common in Latin and Greek literature and echoes the practise of one of Horaces Greek lyric poet models, Callimachus (p28 in D. est) ? Trends of a recusatio flickers of seriousness to wit. Self mockery (potens vetat Horaces powerful Muse refuses but her power is only over the lyre). She/Horace know their limitations and strengths.? contrast between sublime and slender (tenues grandia the modest plea of incapacity and suggestion that Horaces friend Varius could do it better).? Parodies of the Iliad and Odyssey in the second stanza ( this is the sort of mess Horace would make of it if he were to write an epic). Epic diction also Horace showing off his mastery. Reference to him intending to write extol poetry in the last stanza of the battle.? 1. 6 I, Agrippa do not try to sing these things nor the heavy anger of Peleus son who did not know how to yield not the hourney through the s ea of tricky Ulysses nor the ruthless ingleside of Peolops, since I am too slender for grand themes while shame and the Muse who has power over the unwarlike lyre forbid me to wear out your praises and Caesars with my neglect of talent. H rejects heroic subjects and modes on the grounds of inability.He proves his point my deliberately botching epic in his catalog of rejected topics where the divine wrath of Achilles, the (mhviv) of the Iliad is cut down to cholic stomachum and the Odysseus lavishly associative Greek epithet (polutropos) such(prenominal) travelled/experienced/suffering. wiley is mis translated by duplicis tricky. The 4th stanza where he seems more successful in the heroic style is is signif that his identify of epic topics are posed as a question, who can sing of these? zero(prenominal) me. The final verse announces convivial and erotic poetry as an substitute(a) to these impossible heroes.? 7-20 we sing of banquets we sing of battles carried on by maidens att acking youths with their cut nails. = heroics of a personal and private term. 1. 7 Opening lines takes the form of a priamel. ? memorial of Greek cities Rhodes, Mitylene and Ephesus are three of the wealthy Greek cies which Romans would have visited while engaged in political or military duties. ?In 5-8, the focus shifts to capital of Greece and to literature and the tone becomes sardonic. The one task of these poets is to keep an eye on the city.Horace talks rough the Greeks perpetuo carmine which associates these writers with writers of long old fashioned epics. Some will like Rhodes, (etc) but I prefer Tibur. This activity is defined even more precisely as the phrase carmine perpetuo is a translation of Callimachus aeisma dihnekes, a technical expression for long, continuous poetry. Horace is then distancing himself from such poetry and so the first part of the ode is consistent with the recusatio. (p36 unity) The olive they ostentatiously wear (praeponere) is the emblem of Ath ens.In the third stanza also, these cities are the homes of the leaders of the Greek expedition to Troy in the Iliad Argos the home of Diomede, Mycenae of Agammemnon each(prenominal) provided with a translation various of its stock epithet. H makes fun of long epics on Greek mythology and at writings in praise of Greek cities. Then he turns to Italy and against the Greek places famous for their temple of Artemis and shrines of Olympian Gods, Horace sets the local cults of Tibur (east of capital of Italy in the Sabine Hills). An attempt to set Italian deities above those of the Greeks and an Italian town over the place names of Greece. One attempt to echo the need of Augustus to reproduce the glories of Greece and to excel them. With Poetry amongst these glories, Horace endeavours to do this. =1. 7 First half of the poem recapsulates elements of the recusatio. The Catalogue of famous Greek cities of which are surpassed by the Ilatlian countryside around Tibus. Horaces bear on is geographic and literary the cities mentioned are all sites of heroic myths.? He initially denies that he will compose epic but then exploits that genre for his own purpose. 1. 6 announced a program for lyric as opposed to epic and 1. 7 and 1. which enacted that program by domesticating epic material in the usefulness of conviva and erotica respectively. 1. 19 comes as a climax or culmination of this sequence as it reunites both lyric themes in a single poem and because it is written in the Alcaic meter. (p41) the postponement of the Alcaic to the final emphatic position in the Odes is surely honourific. UNilke so many of the odes that precede it, it makes no obvious epic allusions and reworks no epic themes for there is no longer any need to do so. The dialectiv beterrn lyric and epic that was carried out in the Parade Odes has finally been resolved. 1. 8Rome in the age of Horace was a Hellenistic city, interpenetrated by all forms of Greek culture. To ask whether a poem of part of a poem is Hellenistic or Augustan is a waste of time by its very nature, Augustan includes Hellenistic. 1. 9 four year old Sabine wine. This ode describes the house near the mountain accompany by a long fire another county pleasure as is the Sabine wine. Horace uses Greek words, no where else seen in extant latin literature. When the slave in 1. 9 is called Thaliarchus, Greek for lord of the feast the four year old wine in a two handled cup (diota), there are two clear examples of this.Horace is perhaps hinting that here in the Italian landscape with Italian wine he is enjoying a symposium, a Greek drinking party, as lyric poets such as Alcaeus onwards had done. He is theref once again claiming his place as a Roman the great lyric poets of Greece. (Fragment of Alcaeus frag 338 p42 dw) 1. 20 Other Points of praise for Maecenas? 1. 26 To sanctify this Larnia by a new lyre and by a Lesbian plectrum. = The new strings (not the Greek lyre or the cithara but the Latin fides beside the Greek plectrum demonstrate that Horace has accommodated Greek music to Latin measures. . 32 In Ode 1. 32 Horace kletic poem addressed to the lyre (he expresses his plans for his verse appealing to Apollos lyre for inspiration, with the expectation that they are worthy to be accompanied by Apollos lyre. 1) age, dic, Latinum, barbite, carmen/ Lesbio primum modulate civi ? = 2) Reference to one of his Greek models, Alcaeus. ?= Alcaeic poetry in Sapphic metre. ?= Stanza III summarises many(a) of Alcaeus subject matter (canebat Liberum singing to Bacchus drinking songs, songs in praise of Venus muses and puerum, cupid about love homo and hetero).All of which are themes that can easily be indentified in Horaces Odes. Trying to identify himself as the successor of Alcaeus. 1. 38 Horace loves the simple life 3. 1 Why should I change my Sabine valley, for the heavier burden of overplus wealth Thus Horace concludes by stating that he would not exchange his peaceful, if humble, Sabine valley for the greater burden of wealth 3. 3 I have created a monument more lasting than bronze? and loftier than the royal structure of the pyramids,? that which neither devouring rain, nor the unrestrained North Wind? ay be able to destroy nor the absolute? succession of years and the flight of time.? I shall not wholly die and a greater part of me? will evade Libitina Goddess of Death continually I,? newly arisen, whitethorn be strengthened with ensuing praise so long? as the high priest climbs the Capitoline with the silent maiden.? It may be said that where the raging Aufidus roars? and where, hapless of water, Daunus ruled his rustic people,? powerful from a humble birth, I first brought Aeolian verse? to Italian measures. Assume the arrogance? sought for by those who have a claim to recognition,? nd with the Delphian laurel,? Melpomene, willingly crown my head. Epistles 1. 20 http//www. jstor. org/pss/638992 Horace Odes and Epodes Edited by Michele Lowrie, Horace and the Gr eek Lyric Poets Denis Feeney p202? At the end of his first odes he voices the hope that the reader of his collection would insert him into the canon of the Greek lyric bards (1. 1 and 1. 32). Alcaeus and Sappho were amongst the nine lyrics poets in the canon. (between 650 and 400 BCE)? At times, Horaces audacity is rattling(prenominal) and we cannot always be sure of the poets intent.Unity and design in Horaces OdesBy Matthew S. Santirocco The Parade Odes The Poetics of Initiation Horaces acknowledged models, Alcaeus and Sappho composed rather early in the period. Epistle 1. 1 purports to abandon versus et cetera ludicra verses and other playthings (10) it is looking back to the body of lyric that preceded it. ?The nymphs, satyrs, muses and thertraditional elements of the scene point to the Greesources of Horaces inspiration. The Lesbian lyre, Lesboum barbiton (34) further specifies these as Sappho and Alcaeus. Horace cigarette the ordinary Poetry. By R. 0. A.M. LYNE. Review by Ellen Oliensis (1) HONOURING HORACE Review by (2) S. J. HARRISON (ed. ) Homage to Horace. A Bimillenary Celebration. Pp. x + 380. Oxford Clarendon Press, 1995. Cased. R. CORTEZ TOVAR, J. C. FERNANDEZ CORTE (edd. ) Bimilenario de Horacio. (Acta Salmanticensia, Estudios Filologicos, 258. ) Pp. 431. SalamancaE dicionesU niversidadd e Salamanca,1 994. P aper. R. O. A. M. LYNE Horace. Behind the Public Poetry. Review Some Recent Perspectives on Horace Author(s) David Armstrong (3) The Epodesa re treatedb y L. C. Watson, HoracesE podest he Impotence of Iambos? , which admirably discusses the conventions of the poems archaic and Hellenistic models-a topic which needs more study still. Margaret Hubbard contributes a piece on the Pindaric background of Epist. 1. 3 which offers among many other good things a palmary note on frigida curarumfo menta (26) as a mirror image of several passages of Pindar Review Horace Book 1 NH (4) 204 Yet while admitting that Horace was a very literary poet the reader may think that he might get a teeny more credit for independence than he does here. The apparently original theme of i. and iv. 7 is attributed to Hellenistic sources which have not sur-vived. The hints of a love interest in II come, it is suggested, from a lost Greek prototype, and in the equal poem Horace is not even given the credit for the Tyrrhenian waves (derived from some Greek commonplace). On 13. 18 f. it is stated that Horace is no doubt imitating the phraseology of some Greek poem and the lost Hellenistic poem is again invoked in connection with dulce loquentem (22. 24), unnecessarily, it would seem, in view of Sapphos 38v wvElaas, which of course the authors quote. 06 The opening move section of the introduction provides an admirable summary of the characteristics of the Horatian ode. It deals with Horaces models and other literary influences, emphasizing his unacknowledged debt to Hellenistic poetry, in particular to Callimachus with the different categories of ode, convivial, erotic, hymnic, political with the various themes, Horaces own poetry, the country, friendship with his style, prosaic and down-to-earth and, briefly, with structure and the arrangement of the poems within the book.We are warned against interpreting the poetry in the light of preconceptions about the authors personality. Review Recent Studies of Horaces Odes Author(s) A. J. Woodman (5) MATTHEW S. SANTIROCCO Unity and Design in Horaces Odes. Pp. X + 251. Chapel Hill and London University of North Carolina Press, 1986. ?24. DAVIDH . PORTERH oraces Poetic locomotea. Readingo f Odes 1-3. Pp. xiv+281 9 diagrams. Princeton University Press, 1987. ?22. PETER CONNOR Horaces Lyric Poetry. the Force of Humour. (Ramus Monographs, 2. ) Pp. x+221. Victoria Aureal Publications, 1987.Australian $24. S devotes most of his book to discussing all poems in Odes 1-3 in edict of their appearanceT. he parade odes are programmatic neither in their metres (two of which neverr ecur) nor in their addressees (who are relatively more important than the average)th ey are chosen to identify H. s place amongst Greek lyric predecessors (Catullusfa vourite metre being conspicuous by its absence) and their number suggesttsh e canon of nine into which H. desires insertion (1. 1. 35 inseres). Review D. double-u Horace Odes I Carpe Diem. Pp. xiii + 203. Oxford Clarendon Press, 1995. untitled Author(s) F. Jones (7) t-addresseer elationshipin 1. 9, 1. 11,a nd 1. 38,t he possibler elevanceo f Octavians sejao urney from Samos to Brundisiumt o 1. 14, and the idea that Venusi s like a strokeo f lightnining 1. 19. 9. I n this Ode W. guessest hat the wine is Sabine( p. 95) on the basis of the beginninogf the next Odee lsewhereh e commentso n the use of inter-poemc ontactsa t a more generlaelv el( p. 44, p. 84). The Function of Wine in Horaces Odes Author(s) Steele Commager Source legal proceeding and Proceedings of the American Philological Association, Vol. 88 (1957), pp. 8-80 Pub lished by The Johns Hopkins University Press 68 Libera vina is designated as one of the four traditional subjects of lyric poetry (A. P. 85), and it is ines liberating transaction which seems to have struck Horace most forcibly. 75 Did Horace Woo the Muse with Wine? 6 Although the love affair that with the Latin language itself is the only one we can be sure was real, Horace seems to have neglected the poets traditional enticement to his heavenly mistress.? =16 Such is the sub-title of an article by A. P. McKinlay, The Wine Element in Horace, CJ 42 (1946) 161-68, 229-36.See this article for an exhaustive treatment of the subject, and for referencest o works on specializedt opics. 79/80 Immortality is the dimension of an eternal present. Wine represents seizing of the present, a reedom from contingencies of past and approaching alike. 80 Wine, a verecundusB acchus (C. 1. 27. 3), promotes harmonious interchange among men Bacchus, as god of poetry, symbolically enacts the poets civ ilizing influence. Wine also represents a commitment to present life, a immunity from temporal delays Bacchus suggests the poets freedom from the temporal world itself, and his commitment to eternal life.Wine and the symposium by Gregson Davies (Cambridge Companion to Horace) p207-221 207 The collection of odes in Book 1 is framed by opening and closing poems that give prominence to the leitmotif of wine. Thus the dedicatory poem to his patron, Maecenas (Odes 1. 1), which presents the programme of the Odes as a whole, takes the rhetorical form of a priamel in which the climactic term features the poet-speakers choice of a Dionysian community of Nymphs and Satyrs dancing and singing together in a sacred grove and crowned with ivy (2934).The main vocation championed by the speaker is the composition of lyric poetry in the tradition of Archaic Greek (Lesbian) lyric, but the setting is onsonant with the sympotic muse,since the social movement of the Bacchic suite is hardly conceivable without wine-induced ekstasis. 208 In the concluding ode of Book 1 (Odes 1. 38) Horace foregrounds the banquet wreath (corona) as an emblem for his lyric values (aesthetic and philosophical) in a leaden poem that functions as a virtual thematic signature Persicos odi, puer, apparatus, isplicent nexae philyra coronae mitte sectari, rosa quo locorum sera moretur. simplici myrto nihil adlabores sedulus curo neque te ministrum gregson davis dedecet myrtus, neque me sub arta vite bibentem. I detest Persian paraphernalia, my boy, wreaths woven on basswood bark displease me stop trying to track own those rare places where a late rose lingers on. Take care that in your zeal you work no extra ornament into the plain myrtlemyrtle is most fitting both to you, as you serve, and to me, as I drink, beneaththe dense vine.Since the last word of the poem (and the liber) is bibentem (drinking), the poet leaves the reader with a self-portrayal that is clearly emblematic for the whole book. As illust rations of the former we may cite the hilarious ode addressed to the personified wine-jar (3. 21), and the short encomium of the vine (1. 18). Both of these poems operate as powerful metonymic references to the pleasures of the symposium, as their final scenes disclose in the former case, Bacchus, Venus and the Graces are requested to be present at a prolonged symposium. 210 In the Soracte Ode (Odes 1. ) the person who controls the wine is given a Greek name that bespeaks his function, Thaliarchus (ruler of the revels). 211 Since the finest wines were, then as now, relatively expensive, the poet often proclaims his wish to savour the best vintages when accepting invitations to dine at the villas of the wealthy, such as his patron and friend, Maecenas. 213/14 That outlook is derived from two principal sources that coalesce in the Odes the lyric ethos first expressed in robust form in the archaic poetry of Archilochus (and elaborated in Lesbian melic verse), and the Hellenistic philo sophy of Epicureanism. 14 Horatian wisdom (sapientia and its cognates are frequent in his lyric discourse) takes the shape of an enlightened hedonism in which the spectre of mortality serves as foil for the valorisation of the pleasures of the convivial lifestyle. The ode that resplendently encapsulates this view of sapientia in the terse phrase, carpe diem, merits a brief analysis (Odes 1. 11) The New Nisbet-Hubbard HoraceAuthor(s) Kenneth QuinnSource Arion, Vol. 9, No. 2/3, Horace Issue (Summer Autumn, 1970), pp. 264-273Published by Trustees of Boston UniversityHorace the DualityAuthor(s) Grant ShowermanSource The Classical Journal, Vol. 6, No. 6 (Mar. , 1911), pp. 244-251Published by The Classical Association of the Middle West and South 244 There is a Horace of ordinary Italian manners and ideals, and a Horace of the higher culture of Rome and Athens a more lifelike Horace, simple and direct, and a less natural Horace, clothed upon with the artificialities of life in the capi tal an unconventional and a conventional Horace. 244/245 And yet, whatever his liking for the city and its artificialities, his real nature called for the country and its simplicity.It is the Horace of Venusia and the Sabines who is the more genuine. Criticism has occasionally detected the note of affectation in some of the more formal compositions addressed to Augustus and his household but the most captious critic will hesitate to bring such a charge against the odes which celebrate the life of the fields and hamlets of Italy and the prowess of its citizen soldiers of time gone by, or against the mellow epistles and lyrics in which the poet philosophizes upon the spectacle of human life. 45 The real Horace is seen with greatest distinctness when he sings of the dish and fruitfulness of Italy. It is no land of the imagi-nation which he visualizes for us, nor yet a Homericized or a The-ocritean Italy, but the Italy of his own time, the Italy of his own birth and experience, and the Italy of today. 251 Among the results of Horaces urban experience, it is wholly natural that none should be more prominent than the influence of Hellenism upon his work.His debt to Greek literature is great. The metrical transfer of most of his lyrics, many of the lyrics themselves, a wealth of literary ornament, much of the richness of his intellectual furnishing, and no small part of his sureness of taste and execution-all these Greece gave him, as she has given them to many others. But much of this is only a garb upon of the real Horace by the artificial Horace of the literary coterie.There is the Hellenic Horace who experiments with Greek meter, draws heavily on Greek geography and Greek mythology, employs Greek nomenclature, stages Greek scenery, engages in intemperate imitation of the Homeric simile (always labored when it is not Homeric), or frankly translates and adapts Greek lyrics and there is the more genuine Horace who employs the native trochee and iamb and the long -since naturalized hexameter, and lets Italian gods and heroes speak from Italian scenes, or in his own person discourses homely Italian wisdom, and is Greek in nothing but form even when his conveyance is sapphic or alcaic.The real Horace is an Italian poet, and a Roman. He is Italian by birth and experience, Italian in person, habit, and temperament, Italian in his love of Italy and her life, and in his clear vision of her natural charms. He is Roman in his pride in Romes past and present, in his faith in her destiny, and in the intimate parity of his art to life. His schoolmistress was Greece the mother from whom he derived his powers was Italy and his immediate inspira-tion was Rome.To call Horace Greek rather than Roman would be to be blinded to the essential by the presence of graceful form and a partial and after all not very great identity of matter. Horaces Debt to Greek LiteratureAuthor(s) W. K. SmithSource The Classical Review, Vol. 49, No. 3 (Jul. , 1935), pp. 109-116Pu blished by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Classical Association 109 Horaces imitation of Greek authors, where this imitation is conscious. 109 The state-ments, consisting often of single lines or meters, he supposed to be trans-lated quotations from the Greek original, the comments which followed each being Horaces own.This arrangement is supported by the presence of several words which are obviously translations of Greek technical terms the scholiast, in fact, quotes several of the Greek equivalents. Yet in many places the distinction between statement and comment does not seem to be definitely established moreover a coincidence with other pass-ages of Horaces works where quotations from Greek authors are out of the question shows that this method is only one of Horaces peculiarities of style. In Book I of the Epistles, for instance, a hypothetical sentence is most commonly introduced by a short statement, fter which follow the comments, also in the form of statement s. 113 Since therefore Horace was compos-ing a work of the traditional Greek pattern, to the decimal point and in the direc-tions already discussed, its value as a practical textbook is somewhat altered, especially as some of the conditions had ceased to exist in Greece itself between the time of Aristotle and Neoptolemus, while account must be taken of the difference of circumstances in Greece and at Rome. 113 Horace has drawn upon Greek sources. 14 The belief that the Ars Poetica was written about the aforesaid(prenominal) time as the First Book of the Epistles is confirmed by many similarities2 of tone and subject, such as the references to Homer, including paraphrases in both of the opening lines of the Odyssey. The most important passage to be con-sidered in this connection is the auto-biographical opening of the first epistle of the book, especially lines 10-12 nunc itaque et uersus et cetera ludicra pono quid uerum atque decens curo et rogo et omnis in hoc sum condo et com pono quae mox depromere possim. 14 It will be remembered that Quintilian draws a distinction be-tween Horace and Catullus, because, whereas the latter was a writer of simple iambi, Horace was a writer of iambi with the short line, the epodos, inter-vening. To each genre was attached the name of its Evbpe7r , the inventor, or the poet who first gained distinction in that mode. Among Latin writers the same claim is made by those who first used the mode in Latin literature. Horace himself claims to be in Latin literature the ebperTrSo f Parian iambics,5 in the Epodes, and of Aeolian song, in the Odes.In the latter case, the two Sapphic poems of Catullus are disre-garded. The second ode of the Fourth Book seems to show that he had con-templated the possibilities of go the Roman Pindar, but had wisely re-cognized that the task was beyond him, and, following his own precept,7 shouldered the load he could carry. = 4 A. P. 73 seq. SEh. I, 19, 23. 6 Od. III, 30, 13, and 3E. I, 19, 32. SA. P . 38. * v. 6o. 9 Sat. I, 1o, I9. cxv Horaces favourite method of utilizing Greek originals appears to consist of starting a poem with a line or two of translation, forming as it were a text, and then adding a Roman setting.Examples of this are to be seen in Odes, I, 18 and 37. In each case the opening words are borrowed from Alcaeus, with whose general out-look Horace can have had little sym-pathy. The advice just quoted does not evi-dently apply to single words and phrases uerbo uerbum reddere would be a just description of his method of taking over several Greek raise epithets, such as 4peetaviq, which he renders by bello furiosa ,3 and r-roXvdovvto9,wh ich becomes multi nominis . 4 Further, he claims for his generation the privilege formerly conceded of taking over actual Greek words, provided they are parce detorta . several(prenominal) grammatical and syntactical usages also are ascribed usually to this kind of imitation. Most of the Greek lyric writers seem to have been imita ted by Horace in the Odes, and no doubt, if a larger portion of their works had survived, the sources of many more themes would be identi-fied. Such was Horaces familiarity with Greek literature that he had almost decided himself to write poems in Greek, had not Quirinus-or his common sense-dissuaded him. 6 Whereas in the Odes we are consider-ing a case of imitation direct of the Greek authors. = 3 Od. II, I6, 5. SOd. III, 9, 7. 6 A. P. 3. 6 Sat. 1, 1o, 31. 116 The ancients in general considered that, so far from a poet being better for originality of subject matter, usually imitation led to the display of greater creative skill. Finally, there is in Horace some of the same nationalistic spirit which is found in the introductions to Ciceros philosophical works. Just as Cicero believed that most of the subjects treated in Greek could be handled equally well in Latin, so Horace felt that his countrymen were in many spheres of writing as fully endowed with talent as the Greeks, if only they would use their talent well.Study of Greek methods would show how they could be equalle in their own fields. Horace and His BimillenniumAuthor(s) Willis A. EllisSource The Classical Journal, Vol. 28, No. 9 (Jun. , 1933), pp. 643-656Published by The Classical Association of the Middle West and South 646 And Horace, like Vergil, takes us to the country. Vergil sings and sings attractively of the recruiters life, but he has not the personal touch of Horace. Horace is himself a part of his country scenes.We cannot think of the Sabine farm without thinking of him. 647 To his friend Quinctius he describes his farm in some detail and with evident pride and fondness, but his feeling for it he best sums up in the words addressed to his caretaker the little farm which makes me myself again. 649 If I should name my favorites, my list would be very much like other lists made by admirers of the poet. He has borrowed the Greek measures, he has borrowed Greek decoration, but the poems are Roman. The Greek Muse speaks Latin. 56 Whatever his weaknesses or shortcomings, Horace had quali-ties that compel our admiration. On some Greek Lyrical Metres Professor Malden. Transactions of the Philological rescript Volume 1, Issue 1, pages 1028, January 1854 http//onlinelibrary. wiley. com/doi/10. 1111/j. 1467-968X. 1854. tb00764. x/abstract The first line of Horaces Ode to Varus is a mere translation of a line of Azcseus in the same metre, pq8hv no +uretqq rrp6repov 8&8peov & p d h . Horace fully exploited the metrical possibilities offered to him by Greek lyric verse. Bibliography

Destructive Nature of Typhoon Quinta Essay

Geological Factors that contri onlyed to the destructive nature of Typhhon Quinta that hit Iloilo and Capiz last month and measure to address these problems A Reaction radical With 52,172 families (251,152 persons) affected, mevery Filipinos celebrated their recent holiday vacations with grief as Typhoon Quinta hit the Phlippines destroying millions of properties and owing 15 people their lives. Millions of pesos worth of agricultural crops and infrastructures were excessively damaged in 544 barangays of the 40 municipalities and four component cities of Negros Occidental, Iloilo, Capiz, and Aklan. Typhoon Quinta brought more devastation to many towns in Iloilo and Capiz compargond to Typhoon Frank as far as flood water is concerned. amnionic fluid from Suague River which originates from the mountains of Janiuay and Jalaur River in Calinog engulfed towns along its way towards the sea especially after combining as one river in the Municipality of Mina even though Tigum and Aganan Ri vers did not brim over its banks.Towns of Pototan, Barotac Nuevo, Dingle, Dueas, Dumangas, and Zarraga located downstream were devastated as the waters of the combined rivers made flood water levels relatively higher than that of Typhoon Franks. The natural recipe for fill up is that a day before a heavy downpour is hours of light rainwater as a forward effect of an incoming typhoon which testament tincture the upper ground portion. When the typhoon comes in bringing with it heavy rains at 20 mm/hr., the ground cannot accept anymore the additional heavy downpour. So alternatively of a 9 percent penetration with 91 percent run off of overload flow, it will now be 1 percent penetration with 99 percent of the heavy rain as storm water runs off, so a heavy surge of water across the land which we perplex as flood. Now what hit most towns north of Pavia appears to be heavy rains of about 15 to 20 mm/hour.Trees play a very springy role together with watersheds in relation to floodi ng. The leaves of trees act as cushion to rain so that it will fall slowly and that by falling slowly, rain will gently reach the ground surface cloging compaction and therefore allowing more time to infiltrate the ground to be part of the underground regime. A study conducted for the Aganan and Tigum watersheds made by a hydro-geology consulting firm, Sweco, hired by MWID in 1997 showed that a hundred years ago, rain infiltration was 15 percent but at the time of study, it declined to only 9 percent. This was mainly because of the reduced forest cover and the increase of impermeable surfaces such as roads, basketball courts,houses, and other structures which prevent the effective infiltration of rain into the ground. In addition, a watershed is a land ara where rain falls and is drained by a river system, hence the Suague watershed is that mountain portion in Janiuay where rainfall is drained by the Suague River which passes the town proper before merging with Jalaur River which also drains a separate cragged area.The best watershed in the country would be the rainforests found only in remote mountains in Mindanao, however, such are already fast vanishing. These are virgin forests with trees of hundreds or thousands of years old with thick undergrowth of vines and shrubs. The top soil is composed of thick decayed vegetation that if one jumps on it, the intact top soil up to 20 meters away vibrates and behave like a sponge and therefore a very good absorbent of rainfall. For us to restore our watersheds to rainforest condition there should be a strict implementation of the rule of absence of human activities because the mere planting of trees already seemed to be not enough. Raising cows and carabaos in the Tigum watershed must be prohibited so that the ground will not be compacted and people will not frequent the mountains.The rise of flood waters in Typhoon Quinta was so fast that in just a matter of minutes, it reached 5 to 8 feet high. This is fundamen tally because our rainforests are in a bad condition. The condition of our watersheds in the mountain determines the timing of the release of storm water towards the plain of lowland where population centers are located. If our mountains are fully-covered with trees and there is undergrowth of vines and shrubs plus an increase in rain penetration, then the flow of water towards the rivers will be gradual instead of a surge thus preventing a destructive flood. With increased globalization and modernization, our economy cannot afford to be left out by the rest of the world. Of course, we must also keep up with technological innovations. However, we must not forget our responsibilities in protecting our environment.We must not put into risk the future of the next generations that would be the world but instead, we must hit into consideration the concept of sustainable development. Our government should pass and strictly enforce laws that maintain hydro-geological conditions of our ra inforests before and after any developments in infrastructures. Also, we citizens must be cooperative in these efforts of the government and must follow these rules. Typhoon Quinta highlighted the importance of disasterpreparedness.We must always keep in consciousness what National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Administrator Usec. Benito Ramos said the typhoon should teach us to be always prepared and it is a lesson for all of us that whenever there is a weather disturbance anywhere in the Philippines, there is no place that will not be affected. The bottomline is, what we need is discipline and a sense of responsibility. Whatever happens in this world, we, its inhabitants, always have something to do with it. If only well be disciplined enough to impose and follow rules, and be responsible to take care of this only place where we can live, then we wont be facing such disasters and surely, well live in this world safe and sound.Referenceshttp//www.thedailyguardian.net/inde x.php/iloilo-opinion/22314-why-the-unusual-flood-from-quinta http//www.ugnayan.com/ph/gov/PIA/article/2SXZ

Anthony Burgess’s A Clockwork Orange

The essential conflict in Anthony Burgesss A Clockwork orange exists amongst the individual and the social array. Philip E. Ray, cites early critics of A Clockwork Orange such as A.A. DeVitis, Carol M. Dix, and Robert K. Morris who suggest that the theme of the novel is the conflict between the natural and untainted Individual and the artificial and corrupt State (479).More importantly, A Clockwork Orange seems to address the individuals tycoon to express his or her indigent ordain within the context of the collective indian lodge, and, particularly, poses the interesting question of whether the individuals primary expression of free go forth is through molds of violence. Through the depiction of a dystopian future, the novel interrogates the interrelationships and conflicts among the individual, society, violence, and free will, thus requiring the reader to do the same.The novel opens with Alex, the narrator and main character, academic session at a bar with his gang of dr oogs posing the question, Whats it going to be then, eh? (Burgess 1). Alex poses this question eleven times throughout the novel. In fact, the novel is book-ended by this question, as it is the first line of the first chapter and the first line of the last.This question seems to present the reader with a declaration of free will. Essentially, Alex seems to be announcing his ability to choose both action he wishes. According to Veronica Hollinger, the question itself implies the power of the individual to make believe choices (Hollinger 86). The power to choose is the power of free will, and for Alex, choice and free will must be expressed through violence. Even Burgess writes of a free and violent will (Burgess xii) in his introduction to A Clockwork Orange.The first act of violence perpetrated by Alex occurs within the first chapter when the narrator and his collection of droogs attack a man in the streets. They proceed to beat the man and destroy his property. The group of yout hs revels in their violent outburst against the social machine, which is embodied for them in this adult. Within the first thirty pages, Alex and his gang are responsible for four different instances of total violence, while the powers-that-be only make a brief appearance and are easily outwitted.The futuristic society of A Clockwork Orange is an extension of our society of commoditization. From clothing to drugs, every executable outlet for the expression of individual free will has been turned into a commodity of the society. The youth seems to be left without any possible expression of individualistic will. Alex seems to see violence as the last non-commercialized expression of individualistic free will available to him thus, it appears the individual must be in violent conflict with the social order in order to express free will.After the initial scenes of what Alex refers to as ultra-violence, the novel proceeds towards a series of collisions between the two main players of t he novel Alex and his society. The social order, embodied in several select social institutions, uses a variety of methods to control Alexs violence in order to maintain its own stability.Alex is lastly captured after he invades the home of a young woman and beats her to death, and the social order, in the form of governmentally funded scientists, begins the dish of reforming Alex. The scientists remove Alex from prison and attempt to inhibit his ability to act violently through a chemically induced Pavlovian conditioning designed to make him sick at the very thought of violence. After the experiment is concluded, Alex is completely reformed and cannot stand to enact violence or be witness to violence.When Alex loses his ability to choose violence, he also seems to lose any expression of will. The relationship between free will and violence is expressed through the musings of the prison chaplain who eventually poses the question, Is a man who chooses the bad perhaps in some way bet ter than a man who has the good imposed on him? (Burgess 106).Essentially, the chaplain worries that Alex cannot be sincerely human and good if he cannot make a choice to be, or not be, violent. After Alex is conditioned and his violent free will is removed, he undergoes a series of hardships, ending in his near suicide.From the moment Alex loses his violent will, the reader must watch him undergo torments in the form of rejection by his parents, beatings by his old friends, and torture at the hands of a radical anti-government writer. Further, Alex is pushed around from place to place and seems to have no will of his own. The loss of a violent will seems to be the loss of free will and individuality.Violence in A Clockwork Orange appears to function as synecdoche for all individual expression. If the only way for Alex to express himself effectively is to engage in violent acts, then the violence-less Alex is a tragic creature because he lacks any expression at all. The destructi on of violence by society is the destruction of the individual and expressions of free will.Despite the evidence that violence is only an expression of the individual and free will, the text is also full of examples that point towards violence as a mechanism of society. In fact, the society seems to need violence just as much as Alex, as a representation of the individual, does. Violence is exhibited as a tool of the social order in several key scenesnotably a police brutality scene after Alex is released from prison and the novels original, net chapter.