Biography of Lucrezia Borgia, Italian Noblewoman

Biography of Lucrezia Borgia, Italian Noblewoman Lucrezia Borgia (April 18, 1480–June 24, 1519) was the  illegitimate daughter of Pope Alexander VI (Rodrigo Borgia) by one of his mistresses. She had three political marriages, arranged for her familys advantage, and likely had several adulterous alliances. Borgia was also for a time a papal secretary, and her later years were spent in relative stability as the Good Duchess of Ferrara, sometimes acting as de facto ruler in her husbands absence. Fast Facts: Lucrezia Borgia Known For: Borgia was the daughter of Pope Alexander VI and an important Italian noblewoman.Born: April 18, 1480 in Rome, ItalyParents: Cardinal Rodrigo de Borgia (Pope Alexander VI) and Vannozza dei CattaneiDied: June 24, 1519 in Ferrara, ItalySpouse(s): Giovanni Sforza (m.  1493–1497), Alfonso of Aragon (m.  1498–1500), Alfonso dEste  (m.  1502–1519)Children: Seven Early Life Lucrezia Borgia was born in Rome in 1480. Her father Rodrigo was a cardinal in the Catholic Church when she was born. Lucrezias mother was his mistress of some years, Vannozza Cattanei, who was also the mother of two older children by Rodrigo, Giovanni and Cesare. After Rodrigo became Pope as Alexander VI, he advanced the career within the church of many Borja and Borgia relatives. Not much is known about Borgias childhood, but by about 1489, she was living with her fathers third cousin Adriana de Mila and her fathers new mistress Giulia Farnese, who was married to Adrianas stepson. Adriana, a widow, had care of Lucrezia, who was educated at the nearby Convent of St. Sixtus. When Cardinal Rodrigo was elected Pope in 1492, he began to use that office to his familys advantage. Cesare, one of Lucrezias brothers, was made an archbishop, and in 1493 he became a cardinal. Giovanni was made a duke and was to head up papal armies. First Marriage The Sforza family of Milan was one of the most powerful families in Italy and had supported the election of Pope Alexander VI. They also were allied with the French king against Naples. A member of the Sforza family, Giovanni Sforza, was lord of a small Adriatic fishing town called Pesano. It was with him that Alexander arranged a marriage for Lucrezia, to reward the Sforza family for their support and to bind their families together. Lucrezia was 13 years old when she married Giovanni Sforza on June 12, 1493. The marriage was not a happy one. Within four years, Lucrezia was complaining of his behavior. Giovanni also accused Lucrezia of misconduct. The Sforza family was no longer in favor with the pope; Ludovico had provoked an attack by the French that almost cost Alexander his papacy. Lucrezias father and her brother Cesare began to have other plans for Lucrezia: Alexander wanted to switch alliances from France to Naples. Early in 1497, Lucrezia and Giovanni separated. The Borgias began the process of annulling the marriage, charging Giovanni with impotence and nonconsummation of the marriage. Eventually, Giovanni agreed to the annulment in exchange for keeping the substantial dowry Lucrezia had brought to the marriage. Second Marriage Lucrezia, age 21, married Alfonso dAragon by proxy on June 28, 1498, and in person on July 21. A feast much like that at her first marriage celebrated this second wedding. The second marriage soured more quickly than the first. Only a year later, other alliances were tempting the Borgias. Alfonso left Rome, but Lucrezia talked him into returning. She was appointed governor of Spoleto. On November 1, 1499, she gave birth to Alfonsos son, naming him Rodrigo after her father. On July 15 of the next year, Alfonso survived an assassination attempt. He had been at the Vatican and was on his way home when hired killers stabbed him repeatedly. He managed to make it home, where Lucrezia cared for him and hired armed guards to protect him. About a month later on August 18, Cesare Borgia visited Alfonso, who was recuperating, promising to complete that which had not been finished earlier. Cesare returned later with another man, cleared the room, and, as the other man later recounted the story, had his associate strangle or smother Alfonso to death. Lucrezia was devastated by the death of her husband. After returning to Rome, Lucrezia began to work in the Vatican at her fathers side. She handled the popes mail and even answered it when he was not in town. Third Marriage A still-young daughter of the pope remained a prime candidate for an arranged marriage to solidify Borgia power. The eldest son, and presumed heir, of the Duke of Ferrara was a recent widower. The Borgias saw this as an opportunity for an alliance with a region that was physically between their current power base and another they wanted to add to the familys lands. Ercole dEste, the Duke of Ferrara, was understandably hesitant to marry his son, Alfonso dEste, to a woman whose first two marriages had ended in scandal and death, or to marry their more established family to the newly powerful Borgias. Ercole dEste was allied with the king of France, who wanted the alliance with the Pope. The Pope threatened Ercole with the loss of his lands and title if he did not consent. Ercole drove a hard bargain before consenting to the marriage in exchange for a very large dowry, a position in the church for his son, some additional lands, and reduced payments to the church. Ercole even considered marrying Lucrezia himself if his son Alfonso did not agree to the marriage- but Alfonso did. Lucrezia Borgia and Alfonso dEste were married by proxy at the Vatican on December 30, 1501. In January, she traveled with 1,000 in attendance to Ferrara, and on February 2, the two were married in person in another luxurious ceremony. Death of the Pope The summer of 1503 was oppressively hot and mosquitos were rampant. Lucrezias father died unexpectedly of malaria on August 18, 1503, ending the Borgia plans for solidifying power. Cesare was also infected but survived, but he was too ill at his fathers death to move quickly to secure treasure for his family. Cesare was supported by Pius III, the next pope, but that pope died after 26 days in office. Giuliano Della Rovere, who had been a rival of Alexander and long an enemy of the Borgias, tricked Cesare into supporting his election as pope, but as Julius II, he reneged on his promises to Cesare. The Vatican apartments of the Borgia family were sealed by Julius, who was revolted by the scandalous behavior of his predecessor. Children The main responsibility of a Renaissance rulers wife was to bear children, who would in turn either rule or be married into other families to cement alliances. Lucrezia was pregnant at least 11 times during her marriage to Alfonso. There were several miscarriages and at least one stillborn child, and two others died in infancy. Five other children survived infancy, and two- Ercole and Ippolito- lived to adulthood. Patronage and Business In Ferrara, Lucrezia associated with artists and writers, including the poet Ariosto, and helped bring many to the court, distant as it was from the Vatican. Poet Pietro Bembo was one of those she patronized and, judging from the letters surviving to him, its possible the two had an affair. Recent studies have shown that during her years in Ferrara, Lucrezia was also a shrewd businesswoman, building up her own fortune quite successfully. She used some of her wealth to build hospitals and convents, winning the respect of her subjects. She invested in marshy land, then drained it and recovered it for agricultural use. Later Years Lucrezia received word in 1512 that her son Rodrigo dAragon had died. She withdrew from most social life, though she continued her business enterprises. She eventually turned to religion, spending more time at convents, and even began wearing a hairshirt (an act of penance) under her fancy gowns. Visitors to Ferrara commented on her melancholy and noted that she seemed to be aging rapidly. She had four more pregnancies and perhaps two miscarriages between 1514 and 1519. In 1518, she wrote a letter to her son Alfonso in France. Death On June 14, 1519, Lucrezia gave birth to a stillborn daughter. Lucrezia contracted a fever and died 10 days later. She was mourned by her husband, family, and subjects. Legacy Because of her scandalous reputation, Lucrezia Borgia has become a popular character in fiction, opera and drama. Her life has been dramatized in works such as Victor Hugos Lucrà ¨ce Borgia, the 1935 Abel Gance film Lucrezia Borgia, and the BBC series The Borgias. Sources Bradford, Sarah.  Lucrezia Borgia: Life, Love and Death in Renaissance Italy. Penguin Books, 2005.Meyer, G. J.  The Borgias: The Hidden History. Bantam Books, 2014.

City-states in Lower Mesopotamia essays

City-states in Lower Mesopotamia essays Factors that contributed to the emergence of city-states in Lower Mesopotamia and the influence the landscape played in the formation of the civilization which emerged. For this essay I considered the question of what factors contributed to the emergence of city-states in Lower Mesopotamia and the influence the landscape played in the formation of the civilization which emerged. Through my research on this topic I found that there is much evidence to support the claim that landscape was a very large influence on the emergence of civilization and that most of the contributing factors were, in some way, linked to geography. In order to fully understand the topic, I first explored what the definition of civilization is. The first criterion for civilization, that I could think of, is domestication and an agricultural economy capable of producing a stored surplus. From this, I felt the need to examine the origins of Mesopotamian agriculture. With the glacial retreat after the last ice-age (roughly 10000 BC) the Mesopotamian climate improved and many modern plants and animals began to become concentrated in specific areas. Around 9000 BC the vast majority of Mesopotamian peoples were hunter-gatherers. With the concentrations of plants and animals being in specific areas these hunter-gatherers soon began to domesticate those plants and animals and a sedentary village farming pattern arose. This became the predominant way of life around 6000 BC. This change from food collecting to food producing was one of the major transformations in human history. Early peoples no longer had to live the nomadic life of hunter-gatherers but could settle down in permanent housing and produce their own food. It also began an economic change that altered social and political institutions, religion, etc. Domestication is the process of altering plants and animals so that they are no longer bound to the natural habitats of their wild ancestors. In es ...

You decide Vancouver symphony orchestra Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

You decide Vancouver symphony orchestra - Essay Example Therefore, we have to reevaluate and determine their first priorities. The festive season comes with spending. Therefore, the company has to lay down proper strategies to boost the tickets sales. We look forward meeting everyone, any queries, suggestions and thoughts will be discussed in the meeting. The Vancouver Symphony Orchestra was one of the most established orchestras of the 1980’s. It had a large number of fans, who always flocked in events to attend their functions. It attracted both subscribers, former members and those that were never subscribers. Suddenly, there was a change of events after 1986 with a steady decline in ticket sales. This prompted the need to reexamine the reasons why there was a decline in ticket sales. A questionnaire was developed and apparently out of the 2400 questionnaires only 614 respondents completed. Subscription revenue was on a steady decrease, which was a matter of high concern. There is the need to try and outline the reasons for the sudden decline of the orchestra, their cause and the possible ways of solving the problem. There is also need to assess the positives and negatives of this market approach. Over and above, identify the strengths of the Vancouver Symphony Orchestra and the possible reason that led to its bankruptcy with the basis to the data that is available and also provide the proper recommendations needed. In this article, the personnel in charge will try to identify, evaluate and scale down the specific preferences of all the groups of persons that attended the Vancouver Symphony Orchestra. They will also come up with possible solutions to solve the situation. They will also address issues concerning proper event planning and timing that suits most of the clients, need to inquire and know the number one priorities by the clients, their preferences and tastes and device ideas that are centered towards redeeming the fame of VSO and

Ethical leadership in the modern business market Essay

Ethical leadership in the modern business market - Essay Example Although seeking to understand each and every aspect of the way that ethics have shifted and changed in the years that make up the XXI century would require a thesis length response, this brief analysis will seek to understanding and briefly enumerate upon the key differentials that have come to exist within ethics of the XXI century as opposed to those that existed earlier. Furthermore, the analysis will give a particular level of discussion with regards to the means by which the recent global financial collapse was ultimately precipitated and aided by the complete disregard for ethical standards. Perhaps the most salient and important aspect of ethics that have changed within the XXI century is the level to which ethics have come to be differentiated upon the terms of both personal and systemic. If one briefly considers the way that a large company handled business back before the turn of the XXI century they would come to note that the company placed a high degree of emphasis on honesty of the employees and/or shareholders as a fundamental requirement that might be espoused (Brenkert, 2010). However, namely missing from such an ethical interpretation of company needs would be the reciprocal understanding that it was the sworn duty of the form to exhibit such a level of ethical responsibility with regards to both the employees as well as the end consumer. In this way, ethical considerations of the previous era were more focused on profitability and how the company may wish to safeguard its assets, inclusive of employees, while completely disregarding the ethical responsibilit ies that management/leadership espoused with relation to the rest of the system (Cuillla, 2011). This should of course not be understood to mean that all firms during this time were disrespectful to the ethical considerations that they must necessarily espouse to the customer or to the shareholder/employee. Rather, the level of emphasis, as it exists today was not to such a highly evolved, regulated, and legislated mandate that it has subsequently reached within the past several decades. Says the textbook that was used for this class, â€Å"An organization is concerned with regulating the behavior and performance of its employees to ensure safe, uniform, and effective conduct in the performance of duties† (McLachlan, 2009). This level of ethical understanding of as a function of profitability is perhaps the single most important reality that must be considered with regards to the global economic collapse 2007/2008. Rather than the shareholders of the situation paying particul ar attention to the ethical ramifications of their actions, profitability was ultimately championed as the greater good in each and every situation. Although it is oftentimes been convenient for individuals to point to the upper management of firms such as Lehman Brothers, the reality of the situation is that middle management as well as the line employees of such institutions bore as much ethical culpability as those at the top. Due to the fact that they were fully aware of the situation was taken place and did absolutely nothing to bring these concerns to light, these individuals are ethically and morally culpable as well. Although it is not the determination of this particular analysis to shed blame with regards to global financial collapse of 2007/2008, it must be understood that an ethical interpretation of the event demands that all parties be analyzed in an unbiased manner. This shared form of responsibility has become a fundamental hallmark of the ethics of the

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay Example for Free

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay I enjoyed reading â€Å"the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† during my English class. The novel is about a young boy, Huck, searching of freedom and adventure. Through all the journeys in river, he meets Jim, and they become good at friends. From Jim, Huck learns a lot of lessons to improve himself as a decent person. Their friendship is so precious in the novel. Some say that there was deep racism with discrimination between black people and white people in the novel. Furthermore, some claim that the novel shows their discrimination to black slaves without sensing the slave’s humanity. However, the liberty, humanity, and respectability of black people are identified by the relationship between Huck and Jim. In â€Å"Selling Huck Finn down the river: A response to Jane Smiley†, Seymour Chwast demonstrates that Jim is a typical black character as â€Å"ignorant, superstitious, and passive† and exposes the racism in the novel. At the beginning of the novel, Jim’s superstitions sometimes lead to the essences of silliness . From this perspective, Jim seems stupid and ignorant, because he believes in some foolish superstitions that do not make sense at all. For example, Jim say that Huck killing a spider that would bring bad luck , and the hair-ball used to tell fates . Jim‘s superstitions slightly portray him as an inactive and stubborn slave. Jim is also considered as an object which can be sold and bought by the white people in the novel. According to this view, racism is clearly exposed through Jim. In â€Å" Say it ain’t so,Huck:Second thoughts on Mark Twain ‘s masterpiece†, Jane Smiley states that the word â€Å"nigger† is used over and over by Huck to call Jim. To this point, I think he means the white man such as Huck, or even Twain doesn’t feel sorry or have any excuse for prejudice against black people. Huck is a white person, and he was raised in white society, so he believes that black people were lower than white people. For instance, Huck used Jims status as a black slave against Jim in arguments over why French people speak differently than Americans. The use of word â€Å"nigger† is pointed out by readers who sense that Twain use the word too much or too freely. The readers feel uncomfortable when they clearly see the unfairness of Twain putting on character Jim, because Twain doesn’t really care about Jim’s aspiration for freedom in the introduction of the novel. In the other hand, some say that Twain is not a racist novelist because he uses Huck to get back the justice for Jim in later chapters of the novel. In the novel, we can clearly see Huck was against his society to help Jim escape. Huck knows that he is doing wrong according to the view of the whole society , but he does not care about that and keeps helping Jim until the end. My own view is that Huck has a pure heart, so he can easily see the injustice in his society. Chwast also claims , â€Å"Huck’s recognition of Jim’s humanity and dignity† to supports this view with his satisfaction . Huck slowly realized that Jim is as smart as the white people with his profound knowledge about the world. At first, his superstitions seemed to be foolish, but later it became true to the fact of the world. For example, Jim predicted that the bad luck would come to them after Huck killed the snake, and he was right about that, because the dead snake’s friend revenged for its friend by biting Jim. Jim used his comprehension to benefit both, and he rejected to let Huck see the body in the floating house, because that body is the body of Huck’s father. I think Jim is a kind-hearted person by caring and protecting Huck through that moment. He acted as a role of the father caring for his son. Therefore, Huck slowly admitted that Jim is an honest, moral and intelligent person. Their friendship became closer. Some say that their friendship is the foundation to break race barriers in the novel. According to this view, Jim shows the faithfulness to Huck in chapter fifteen. For example , Jim showed his happiness at seeing Huck alive after they are separated by fog. It is apparent that Jim will sacrifice himself to ensure Huck’s safety. However, Huck in that moment still had been thinking kind of unequal treatment against Jim. . Huck in that moment was not able to sacrifice himself to Jim’s safety. In fact, Huck deceived Jim about his dream that they were apart by fog. Later, Jim found out the truth that Huck had tricked him by seeing the leaves and rubbish on the raft. From that moment, Huck felt guilty for making Jim feel so bad . As Huck himself put it, â€Å"It made me feel so mean I could almost kiss his foot to get him to take it back. † In my own view, I think kissing Jim foot is a sign of apology. After that incident, I think Huck started to be aware about Jim’s feeling. He would never call Jim by the word† nigger† again and do such bad things to hurt Jim’s feeling . Smiley also gives credit to Huck by praising Huck ‘s recognition of Jim ‘s humankind and self respect that makes their friendship so cherished to transform the racism inside Huck to love and scarification for Jim’s safety later. To this point , readers think Huck no longer had the prejudice to Jim, and Huck did something against racism that would help Jim be free. , Huck can see the true equalities between white people and black people, regardless of what he may have been taught by society. Overall, I believe that Huck has a better understanding of race than the society around him, because he finally realized that what he did is not against the justice, fairness and equality. Huck gives the readers a view into that is against white American view about racism. The white man will help the black man if he deserves it. The black man will find a justice if he acts as good as Jim. There is a question against this perspective: what would have happened if Jim did not have a good personality? Did Huck company with Jim all the way and sacrifice himself to help Jim get back the freedom? Overall, some readers have judged Jim as being too passive in the beginning of the novel, but he remains all kinds of kindness than other characters in the novel. Jim can be described as a very decent person with a good personality who provides a practical and decent example for Huck to improve himself. Thus, Twain successfully uses the relationship between Huck and Jim to expose the racism against black people in the nineteen century. Therefore, the novel is a great novel that allows young people to see racism and learn how and why it is wrong.

The Old English Poetry Room :: Essays Papers

The Old English Poetry Room The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles were written by a number of unknown monks and covered events starting with pre-Roman Britain. The Chronicles are seven manuscripts and two fragments. They were compiled sometime in the last decade of the ninth century. Since there were few sources of history open to the monks, it is speculated that they relied heavily on Bede's An Ecclesiastical History of the English People for information on the period between the Roman occupation and 731. From the first century to sometime in the fifth century, Britain was a colony of the Roman Empire. Settlers came and built villas, baths, libraries and city walls in the Roman tradition. Many of these survived. The ruins were sometimes referred to as the "work of giants" in early literature. This can be seen in The Wanderer, a poem about a man who has lost his lord and is stoicly wandering about lamenting his loss and looking for a new home. From about 350 A.D., Roman power weakened throughout the empire. After 409, the Romans no longer ruled Britain. Then, in 449, the Anglo-Saxon invasions began. According to The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles , the first group of immigrants most likely came from Germany and the Netherlands. Their leaders were supposedly Hengest and Horsa. It is possible that these are legendary leaders, but it also possible that the Hengest who appears in the epic poem Beowulf is the same individual. The Chronicles mention three main groups during the period of the invasions: the Saxons, the Angles and the Jutes. In the sixth century, the Anglo-Saxon advance was halted and 50 years of peace followed. The Venerable Bede (c. 673 - 735) is one of three Christian figures mentioned in The Chronicles. Bede studied and wrote on many subjects, among them classical languages, astronomy and medicine. His An Ecclesiastical History of the English People covers England's history and conversion to Christianity. The first writers of The Chronicles used his year-by-year approach and took much of their information from this work. If you would like to access another website with more information about the Venerable Bede, click here. It is from Bede's An Ecclesiastical History of the English People that we studied Caedmon's Hymn, a poem about a man who lives to a rather advanced age without ever learning any songs. At feasts, when the harp is passed around for the telling of stories, Caedmon would rather leave the feast than receive the harp to tell a story.

Platforms of Different Party Systems Essay

The Libertarian Platform, as presented by the Libertarian National Committee, Inc. placed a high value on the individual freedom and restricts possible limitations that the government or any authoritarian power might inflict. The sovereignty lies upon the individual and not in the government; meaning the individual has a complete control of their lives. â€Å"Freedom† is defined as not being subjected or forced to do something by anyone else. It is further supplemented that the government exist to protect and respect the individual’s freedom and individual rights. The three basic individual rights that libertarians aim to uphold are the right to life, the right to liberty of speech and action and the right to property. The platform further discussed that Libertarians ‘oppose all interference of the government in the areas of voluntary and contractual relations between individuals’ Furthermore, the government reserves no right to force individuals to do’ sacrifices to benefit other people’. The platform also highlighted that the Libertarian supports ‘free trade and free market’. In a more detailed discussion of Individual Rights, Personal Liberty is defined under the consideration that individual freedom requires the individual to accept any possible consequence that may result to his execution of such freedom. To this end, the Libertarians support the proliferation of ‘full freedom of expression and communication, personal privacy, personal relationships (whatever gender or relationship a person may want to engage in), and abortion’. It also supports to recompense the victim to the fullest extent that is achievable at the cost of the criminal and against any possible cutback of legal safeguards of the accused’. The Libertarian party upholds the ‘common-law right’ of the juries to help or guide them in their judgment, not just of the ‘facts alone, but also justice of law’. In terms of Economic liberty, Libertarians oppose any form of ‘redistribution of wealth or control of trade’ by the government and its representative/s. In specific details, concerning property rights and contracts—the individual may engage and may do anything that he/she wants with and/or within his/her property provided that his/her action/s will not infringe the rights of other people. The Libertarian Party Platform also mentioned that the Libertarians oppose possible ‘violations of liberty of contract, right to private property as well as freedom to trade (not to trade)’. Concerning the environment, Libertarians explained in their platform their belief that the ‘free markets and property rights motivate and encourages individuals and companies as well to protect the environment’. Government- the Libertarian claims holds no responsibility for the damage done to the environment. Also, Government according to the Libertarian platform should not ‘subsidize energy’ thus; government shall have no control on the pricing and regulation of energy and its sources. Another issue under Economic Liberty deals with Government finance and spending. The platform stated that the party ought to ‘call for a repeal of the Income tax’ and that the Libertarians support the ‘Balanced Budget Amendment’ which will cut on governmental expenditures instead of collecting taxes. The Libertarians are also not in favor of incurring debts under the assumption that this will burden the future generation. Other Economic concerns deals with free-market banking, opposing government subsidies to businesses, promotion of employment by repealing laws that ‘possibly impede’ employment and oppose other governmental interference in the labor market, non-interference in the children education, re-establishing a free market health-care system and private-voluntary retirement system. In terms of issues surrounding the Security of Liberty, the Libertarian Platform highlights that providing ‘security’ shall be the only ‘purpose of the government’. In regards to National Defense, the Libertarian platform mentioned that they will support ‘sufficient military’ that shall be able to defend the country from aggressor/s; nonetheless, they do not intend to promote or to continue any form of ‘compulsory national service’. In line with the priority of individual tights, the platform described that intelligence agency should be transparent and open to public scrutiny. The libertarians are also against foreign intervention policies specifically providing any military and economic aid/s. Also the platform mentioned that Libertarians are against bigotry and/or any form/s of discrimination. The Libertarians also promotes a more representative form of government to encourage people from all walks of life to participate in the government. Lastly, the platform mentioned ‘self-determination’ which shall support the people if they want to replace the current government with another which shall further protect the people’s liberty. The Democratic Party The Democratic Party Platform is pushing towards the concept of ‘unity in diversity’ with the primary goal of the people and their way of life while helping to construct a more peaceful, more prosperous, safer and more democratic world. The platform includes security policies that are focused on military and supporting national freedom. The platform also includes several criticisms about the Bush administration and the use of force instead of diplomacy in most situations. The democratic platform also encourages that weapons of mass destruction shall be eliminated since it is a threat to the country. The Democratic Party believes that the promotion of democracy, the rule of law and human rights are all vital to the country’s long-term security. The Democrats according to their platform in 2004 would like to uphold an international standard for ‘treatments of Prisoners’ specifying that ‘torture is unacceptable’. The democratic platform also talked about Iraq’s military and political situation, Africa’s health and human rights issues, Europe nations as America’s Atlantic ‘allies’, Asia’s economy and support, securing Israel in the Middle East, help in establishing and/or maintaining peace in Northern Ireland, cooperating with Russia in terms of proliferation of –democracy, rule of law and human rights, reinforcement of democratic values to the Latin America and the Caribbean. The Democratic Party would like to address with the global health issues which the democrats believed to be a ‘humanitarian obligation and a national security imperative’. The platform also mentioned the promotion of international economic development as an imperative which shall spread ‘peace across the globe’. Another focus of the platform is the ‘strengthening of the military’ by expanding ‘active duty personnel’ with an approximate of more or less 40,000 new soldiers. Another proposed strategy was the creation of the ‘New Total Force’ which will be a group of Special Forces that has double capacity than before. Then the democratic platform also suggests the creation of 21st century weapons which will use the modern-day technology. There is also a mention of the best possible training for soldiers, enactment of ‘Military Family Bill of Rights’ and better use of national guards. Other focus of the platform includes independence in Energy resources by finding a way to create renewable energy, building energy-efficient vehicles, finding other alternatives of producing electricity, moving beyond OPEC, cutting energy used by the federal government and promoting conservation among others. The platform also vows to create more good jobs, supporting the middle class, reforming health care system, improving education by making college more affordable and protecting the environment through acts and government programs.

Separation of Mixtures and Solids

After gathering all the material needed to conduct these experiments, the first experiment was initiated. The mixture of solids was weighed out as well as the 10cm square piece of paper and the weighing dish. The mixture was spread out in a very thin layer on a piece of paper, the magnet was wrapped with clear plastic and the magnet was passed over the mixture several times to remove the iron from the mixture.The iron was placed on the 10cm square paper and weighed. The next step was to separate out the sand. The sand was placed in the beaker with 50mL of water and heated to close to boiling. The hot liquid was poured into a Styrofoam cup and another 10mL of distilled water was added to the beaker and again it was heated to near boiling and poured into the same Styrofoam cup. The second heating was to ensure all the sodium chloride and benzoic acid was removed from the sand.The Styrofoam cup was placed into an ice bath, the benzoic acid began crystallizing in the ice bath as it start ed cooling. The sand in the beaker was heated very carefully to allow it to dry. After the sand was dried it was weighed. The benzoic acid and salt were separated. A filter paper was inserted in the funnel and the cup with the salt and benzoic acid was poured into the funnel. A graduated cylinder with 5mL of water was inserted into the ice bath; this was poured into the funnel to eliminate any of the sodium chloride that may have been missed.The filter paper was laid out on several paper towels to dry. After the filter paper has dried it will be weighed and the weight of the filter paper will be subtracted from the total to obtain the exact amount of the benzoic acid. The paper cup of sodium chloride was set aside to allow it to dry. Once it is dry it will be weighed and the weight of the paper cup will be subtracted to obtain the weight of the  sodium chloride.GramsPercent of MixtureTotalsSand5.4g54%54% Iron0.9g9%63% Dried Sand1.2g12%75% Salt1.8g18%93% Benzoic Acid0.7g7%100%Discu ssionI can see room for error when pouring the water out of the beaker some of the sand could be poured out with it, thereby creating an inaccurate result of dried sand. There is also the possibility of some of the benzoic acid and sodium chloride remaining in the beaker, getting stuck to the sides and again creating an inaccurate result for these two mixtures. When the water is poured through the paper in the funnel some of the benzoic acid could remain in the sodium chloride which would create another inaccurate amount for the benzoic acid.The iron could be slightly inaccurate due to the fact that it was not possible to get every single piece off the plastic wrap and into the dish, although the very small pieces may not have added up to much it might have contributed to an inaccurate amount. The initial sand weight is the most accurate; there was no room for error there.Questions1.How did your proposed procedures or flow charts at the beginning of this experiment compare to the ac tual procedures of this lab exercise? I knew the iron could be removed with a magnet. I wasn’t sure how to remove the sodium chloride and benzoic acid. 2.Discuss potential advantaged or disadvantaged of your proposed procedure compared to the one actually used. The only advantage to my procedure was using the magnet to remove the iron. I didn’t know how to remove the sodium chloride or benzoic acid. 3.How would you explain a sand recovery percentage that is higher than the original sand percentage?Perhaps you didn’t remove all the iron out or there was still some sodium chloride or benzoic acid still left in the sand. 4.What were potential sources of error in this experiment? When pouring water out of the beaker some of the sand could be poured out with it. There is also the  possibility of some of the benzoic acid and sodium chloride remaining in the beaker, getting stuck to the sides and again creating an inaccurate result for these two mixtures.When the wat er is poured through the paper in the funnel some of the benzoic acid could remain in the sodium chloride which would create another inaccurate amount for the benzoic acid. The iron could be slightly inaccurate due to the fact that it was not possible to get every single piece off the plastic wrap and into the dish, although the very small pieces may not have added up to much it might have contributed to an inaccurate amount.

breast cancer paper project

breast cancer paper project breast cancer paper project Introduction What is Breast cancer? While breast cancer is the cancer that develops from breast tissue. Which in this case it is effecting the breast. This disease breast cancer was found in the 1990’s. Over 175,000 women a diagnosed with breast cancer each year. Emotional stage with breast cancer often experience a predictable, stressful period, and scared their going to die. Most of these women go through the same feelings because you can die from breast cancer. Cancer is a group of diseases that cause cells in the body to change and grow out of control. Signs of breast cancer may include a lump in the breast, a change in breast shape, dimpling of the skin, fluid coming from the nipple, or a red scaly patch of skin. In those with distant spread of the disease, there may be bone pain, swollen lymph nodes, shortness of breath, or yellow skin. More than 80% of breast cancer cases are discovered when the woman feels a lump, about 1 in 1,000 pregnant women experience any sort of cancer. Breast cancer is a disease that affects each area of a woman’s life. Breast cancer and its treatment in reproductive age women can reduce fertility compromise family formation. Ages 26-45 at least one year post diagnosis. Thematic analysis revealed that all women, including one who chose to be child- free, valued fertility and motherhood. They reported experiencing varied fertility related care, from support for fertility concerns. Women’s needs were heterogeneous, but all wanted

Stifle, already!

Stifle, already! Stifle, already! Stifle, already! By Maeve Maddox Reader Brad Kruse came across this comment from the reader of a rabidly anti-health insurance reform site: die eisernen Stiefel (the iron jackboots) of Obamistas are methodically and systematicly [sic] destroying the very core of our country. Brad’s question has to do with the German word Stiefel, not politics: What I noticed was Steifel.   As in the old Archie Bunker, â€Å"Stifle yourself, Edith!†Ã‚  Does stifle come from boot, as in â€Å"put a boot in it?† No, there’s no connection between German Stiefel and English stifle. The boot-in-the-mouth image, however, certainly suits Archie’s personality. The word stifle has been in English with the sense of â€Å"to choke, suffocate, drown† since 1387. It may have entered English by way of Old French estouffer, â€Å"to stifle, smother.† The French word in turn may derive from a Germanic source: Old High German stopfen, â€Å"to plug up, stuff.† Archie’s metaphorical sense of the word has been around since 1577. The expression eisernen Stiefel, literally â€Å"iron boot† is usually translated into English as jackboot. A jackboot is a type of strong high boot without laces worn by farmers, motorcycle riders and soldiers. Because such boots were part of the Nazi uniforms in WW II, jackboot has taken on metaphorical associations with totalitarian government. Speaking figuratively, â€Å"jackboot tactics† are brutal and oppressive methods of control exercised by totalitarian dictators. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Whimsical Words25 Russian Words Used in English (and 25 More That Should Be)Predicate Complements

A clear and concise statement of the constitutional issue involved Essay

A clear and concise statement of the constitutional issue involved - Essay Example Following are some of the arguments why he still, though late has the right to demand justice at the U.S. Supreme Court. The Fifth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States refers that no person accused of crime may be compelled to bear witness against himself or herself as held in ‘State of New York, petitioner v. John SUGGS, respondent’ (2011). The Supreme Court of America has held that this rule is applicable not only on trials but also on police interrogations. Furthermore if the police officials want to question a suspect, he must be given the Miranda Rights. Here, Dylan was in the same situation of being in the police custody when he was questioned by the police officer Smith, and should have been given the Miranda Rights. Therefore, the very purpose of the Miranda Rights was violated while questioning Dylan. Again, the provisions of the 5th Amendment protect the appellant against the compelled self-incrimination and provides him with the right to a grand jury, where Dylan had been forced for self-incrimination. It has been stated in Bram v. United States (1897) that the de termination of the confession to be competent is done by applying the portion of Fifth Amendment, which states that â€Å"no person shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself† (Bram v. United States, 1897). Fourth Amendment of the Constitution of United Sates, Citizenship Rights, Section (1), ratified in 1868, refers â€Å"No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the Unites States; nor shall any State derive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of laws† (The Constitution of the United States). The provision of this Fourth Amendment had been violated while questioning Dylan. The evidence was obtained from him by illegal means and by violation of the Federal Constitution rights. The

Impacts of Emotional Intelligence of leaders on job satisfaction and Essay

Impacts of Emotional Intelligence of leaders on job satisfaction and Turnover Intentions of followers 02141 - Essay Example Job satisfaction among its employees has been a fundamental reason of the turnover problem as research conducted by Brunetto et al. (2012) suggests. Conversely, whenever an organisation is committed to emotional intelligence, it becomes easier for its employees to be motivated. In fact, Trivellas et al (2013) found that organisational commitment determines the satisfaction of the staff, hence influencing the turnover intentions. In light of these facts, it is highly recommendable that a research be conducted to find a way to mitigate the situation. Therefore, this research intends to analyse the impact the emotional intelligence of leaders has on job satisfaction and subsequent turnover intentions on followers. Credible statistics have proved that Job Satisfaction (JS), Emotional Intelligence (IE) and Turnover Intentions (TI) are firmly intertwined. In essence, it means that none of it can be overlooked or given more attention that the other (Ganzach and Fried, 2012). Unfortunately, this is not something that many business owners have noticed, but rather they tend to focus on the TI without a decisive action to investigate the root problem (Siddique, 2014). Consequently, this approach has proved to be a dilemma for many business owners. For this reason, it would a grievous mistake not to identify these issues and deal with them conclusively. Corporate play an important role in creating employment thus any issue that could prove to be a hurdle ought to be assessed and dealt with early. The proposal will highlight the underlying issues in the three aforementioned areas. In addition, it will offer the concerned parties an opportunity to find a solution in a bid to continue guaranteeing profitability, which is possible through maintenance of a motivated, satisfied workforce. As stated above, the research seeks to understand and bring into the limelight the issues that influence JS